Question

What impact did developments in the steel industry during the 19th century have on the United States?

They made steel stronger and more flexible, allowing for the development of aircraft for the military.

They made the consumption of oil more important, resulting in a growing dependence on foreign energy sources.

They made the production of the steel rails cheaper, helping to spread railroad networks throughout the nation.

They made it possible to manufacture inexpensive cars, leading to the construction of interstate highways.

Answer 1

From 1875 to 1920 American steel production grew from 380,000 tons to 60 million tons annually, making the U.S. by far the dominant world leader. The annual growth rates in steel 1870-1913 were 7.0% for the US; 1.0% for Britain; 6.0% for Germany; and 4.3% for France, Belgium and Russia, the other major producers.[27] This explosive American growth rested on solid technological foundations, assisted by other factors, including the protective tariff and the continuous rapid expansion of urban infrastructures, office buildings, factories, railroads, bridges and other sectors that increasingly demanded steel. The use of steel in automobiles and household appliances came in the 20th century.
A key element was the easy availability of iron ore, coal, and manpower. Iron ore of fair quality was abundant in the eastern states, but the Lake Superior region contained huge deposits of exceedingly rich ore; the Marquette Range was discovered in 1844; operations began in 1846. Other ranges were opened by 1910, including the Menominee, Gogebic, Vermilion, Cuyuna, and, greatest of all, (in 1892) the Mesabi range in Minnesota. This iron ore was shipped through the Lakes to ports such as Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Erie and Buffalo for shipment by rail to the steel mills.[28] Abundant coal was available in Pennsylvania and Ohio. Manpower was short. Few native Americans wanted to work in the mills, but immigrants from Britain and Germany (and later from Eastern Europe) arrived in great numbers.[29]
In 1869 iron was already a major industry, accounting for 6.6% of manufacturing employment and 7.8% of manufacturing output.By then the central figure was Andrew Carnegie,[30] who made Pittsburgh the center of the industry.[31] He sold his operations to US Steel in 1901, which became the world's largest steel corporation for decades.
In the 1880s, the transition from wrought iron puddling to mass-produced Bessemer steel greatly increased worker productivity. Highly skilled workers remained essential, but the average level of skill declined. Nevertheless steelworkers earned much more than ironworkers despite their fewer skills. Workers in an integrated, synchronized mass production environment wielded greater strategic power, for the greater cost of mistakes bolstered workers' status. The experience demonstrated that the new technology did not decrease worker bargaining leverage by creating an interchangeable, unskilled workforce.[32]

Answer 2

Read the inoformation form wikepedia

Answer 3

i think They made the production of the steel rails cheaper, helping to spread railroad networks throughout the nation.

Answer 4

The text below is from a U.S. government act in 1882:

"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the expiration of ninety days next after the passage of this act, and until the expiration of ten years next after the passage of this act, the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States be, and the same is hereby, suspended; and during such suspension it shall not be lawful for any Chinese laborer to come, or having so come after the expiration of said ninety days to remain within the United States."

Source: http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=47&page=transcript

This government act was passed in response to which of the following?

violent behavior from Chinese immigrants living in the North

nativist protests in the West against Chinese immigrant laborers

complaints from immigrants who came from European countries

nativist laborers in the North who lobbied to Congress

Answer 5

@nubeer @razor99