Question

An adult male pig's urine contains a chemical substance that accelerates the onset of puberty in female pigs. What is this substance called?

Answer 1

http://dept.wofford.edu/neuroscience/neuroseminar/pdfSpring2011/Pheromones2Behavior.pdf
The Answer is in there, if you want it you'll find it :P

Answer 2

The word "pheromone" first appeared in the 1950s from the Greek words "pherein" and "hormone," meaning "excitement carrier" ( http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/art97/pherom.htm). Monmaney defines pheromones as "a substance that is produced by an organism and that elicits a specific and unlearned response in another member of the same species". Therefore, pheromones are used as intraspecific communication mediums by most animals and insects.

For insects, pheromones are very important and have many roles. The following are some examples indicating the effects of pheromones. In bee societies, worker bees are all female and cannot reproduce. The reason for this phenomenon, Cowley and Springen say, is that worker bee sexual development is stopped by the queen bee's pheromones. An article from a web site shows that in ant societies pheromones are used to alarm, attract, lay trails, groom other ants, help molting, exchange food (between worker ants and feeding larvae), recognize nestmates, control reproduction, and make territorial signals ( http://www.mil.ufl. edu/eel5840/classes/class11/sld012.htm).

Furthermore, one well-known fact is that female moths emit pheromones to attract male moths. A certain kind of moth can detect pheromones at the distance of five kilometers by using their antennae. Each antenna has lots of sensory hair, and all of the hair is tuned to the female pheromones ( http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/art97/pherom.htm). Pheromones for insects are well known, synthesized, and used as behavior controlling chemicals to prevent harvests from being eaten by such insects. By using this method people can control insects to make them gather outside farms. This method is very efficient and harmless to other species and the environment.

In contrast to insects, the importance of pheromones decreases dramatically because mammals have more complicated and advanced ways to communicate, such as facial expressions, body gestures, and languages. Every non-human mammal emits pheromones. Non-human mammals have many special glands to secrete special pheromones outside their bodies, in order to mark their scents. They often mark their scents to send territorial signals or in order to attract other opposite sex members in the group. However, in order to detect pheromones, unlike insects, vertebrates do not have antennae, so they have developed another organ in their nasal cavity that is called the "vomeronasal organ (VNO)" ( http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/art97/pherom.htm). This organ works as a "pheromone receptor," not as a smell detector. The VNO is more sensitive than olfaction; it can detect very small amounts of molecules ( http://neuro.fsu.edu/research/vomer.htm).

Rodents are considered the lowest mammals with a higher reliance on pheromones than other mammals. According to one web site, in rodents, pheromonal communication among the same groups can cause sensational effects such as reproductive and physiological behaviors. The chemical signals from female mice repress other females' sexual signals. Also the chemical signals from male mice accelerate female puberty. These effects are brought by chemosensory signals from VNO, so removal of VNO prevents responses to these signals ( http://neuro.fsu.edu/research/vomer.htm). According to Brown, for rodents, the most important social behaviors, such as "mate selection," reproduction, and "parent-offspring interactions," can be affected by pheromones. Monmaney says that, when golden hamsters have their olfaction part of their brains removed, they give up mating completely.

Epple says that chemical communication in primates, especially apes, is less known than rodents. According to Marler, this is because, compared to other mammalian species, primates have more intricate communication systems, such as "variable calls," postures, and facial expressions. Epple says, although visual and vocal signals have been intensively investigated, our knowledge of chemical communication systems among primates is limited. However, the evidence for using chemical signals in primates has been collected recently. He pointed out that some species not only sniff and lick, but also ingest excretions and secretions. This observation supports the belief that primates use chemical communication systems in their societies. According to Epple, the role of chemical communications in the well-developed primates is less powerful than other groups of monkeys.

The existence of human pheromones is not apparent; however, some scientists report that some chemicals affect the human body like pheromones.

In other animals, pheromones are detected by VNO. Therefore, some scientists conducted research on human VNO and its responses to certain chemicals. The existence of human VNO, in fetuses, has been known for a long time; however, in adults, the existence of the VNO has been reported rarely since the eighteenth century. In the middle of the1980s, the existence of the VNO in human adults was disclosed, although the location of VNO and the system were different from other mammals. Unlike other mammals, human VNO does not have an obvious thick sensory quality; however, there are cells that may be VNO receptor neurons

Answer 3

Compliments of YA

Answer 4

I would guess it's estrogen but im not 100 percent sure

Answer 5

Semen
hormone
pheromone

Answer 6

its pheromone plato