Question

what are the chemical bondings of atoms based on?

Answer 1

All chemical bonds are a result of coulombic forces of attraction (opposite charges attract). Ions are held together through ionic bonds because of the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. Atoms in covalent bonds are held together because the electrons being shared by two atoms are attracted to the positively charged nuclei of both atoms. Metallic atoms are held together because the positively charged atoms are all attracted to the sea of delocalized electrons "swimming" around them.