How did Alexander gain control of all of Greece?
When Alexander was a boy, his father, King Philip II, brought all of Greece under his control. Alexander learned military skills and leadership from his father. But he also had another teacher, Aristotle, the legendary Greek philosopher. Aristotle gave Alexander a classical Greek education, and taught him the importance of learning and the arts. When his father was assassinated, Alexander succeeded to the throne and began to plan the fulfillment of his father’s most ambitious dream. One of Alexander’s first actions as king was to put down a growing revolt in the Greek city of Thebes. He sacked the city as a warning to anyone who questioned his leadership. The news spread quickly. When Alexander’s troops arrived in Athens, few opposed him. Alexander offered the Greeks a shrewd proposal: if they gave him men and supplies for his army, he would march against the Persian Empire and liberate the lands that the Persians had taken from Greece. In 334 BC, with his army of 35,000 Greek and Macedonian soldiers, Alexander began one of the most successful military campaigns in history. His troops won their first victory over the Persians at the Granicus River; they then swept across Asia Minor, taking city after city. In 333 BC, Alexander met the forces of the king of Persia, Darius III, in Issus in northern Syria. Although Alexander’s army was significantly smaller than the Persians, superior tactics allowed him to claim victory, and send Darius running. At the age of twenty-three Alexander could have returned to Greece a hero.
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