Question

Define ionization energy and explain why the second ionization energy of any element is higher than its first ionization energy.

Answer 1

y required to remove the most loosely held electron from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce 1 mole of gaseous ions each with a charge of 1+. The charge on the nucleus the more protons there are in the nucleus, the more positively charged the nucleus is, and the more strongly electrons are attracted to it.

Answer 2

The second ionization energy of Mg is larger than the first because it always takes more energy to remove an electron from a positively charged ion than from a neutral atom.

Answer 3

medal?

Answer 4

"Ionization energy" is energy required to remove 1 electron from an atom
in normal atom- meaning 0 oxidation state, number of electrons=number of protons
as we do know, opposite charges are attracted
also we know that protons are concentrated in the nucleus of the atom while electrons are orbiting it from outside
so that means all protons in the nucleus attract/pull all the surrounding electrons with equal strength
now
when we remove 1 electron
what happens?
well look, lets say we originally had 6 electrons and 6 protons
we removed 1 electron
so now we are left with 5 electrons and still 6 protons right?

so i mentioned before that 'protons pull surrounding electrons with equal strength' BUT it was when number of electrons was = to number of protons right?
so here it is
because now there are less electrons to 'pull' for protons, thus there is 'more strength' for pulling these left out electrons (that strength that was used to pull the electron that was taken out meaning it was 6 originally but 1 of them was taken out)

in other words 'the strength that was required to pull 6th electron' will be equally shared (in pulling) between 5 left out electrons (since 6th one was taken out)
thats why second ionization energy is always higher than first

hope it helps :))