Question

The protein separates from the ribosome in which step of translation?

activation

elongation

termination

initiation

Answer 1

Hello @BeccaBee1997 !
Which do you think it is? Why or why not? It would be easier to tutor you if you explained what about the question is giving you trouble.

Answer 2

If you are not certain then start by guessing the option which u think should be correct.

Answer 3

Translation involves taking the message that's in the messenger RNA and in a sense decoding the message from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins or polypeptides. it includes 3 distinct steps which are initialization, elongation and termination.

Initial steps:
1. Messenger RNA (which made by the DNA transcription mRNA) is bound to ribosome with the start codon (AUG) at the P site. A transfer RNA molecule with the amino acid methionine (M) and the anticodon UAC has bound to the exposed start codon. The codon UCA is exposed at the A site.

2. A second transfer RNA molecule, with the anticodon AGU and the amino acid serine (S) has bound to the A site. The 2 amino acids are close enough to form a peptide bond between them.

3. A peptide bond has formed between M and S and the peptide is bound to the A site. The methionine transfer RNA leaves, and the P site is exposed.

4. The ribosome has moved along the messenger RNA one codon, bringing the peptide to the P site. This exposes the A site and the next transfer RNA, carrying alanine (A) is about to bind.


Elongation steps:
1. The ribosome then moves 1 codon down the mRNA in a 5' to 3' direction. This is achieved by a translocase enzyme. As the process of ribosome translocation continues, the "old" tRNA is released to bind another amino acid and go in search of a new codon. The binding of a new aminoacid is mediated by an enzyme called amino-acyl-tRNA synthase.


Termination steps:
1. The process continues along the mRNA until a stop codon is reached. While there is no tRNA for a stop codon, there is an enzyme called release factor which cleaves the polypeptide chain resulting in a new protein.

2. Finally, the entire complex is disrupted, the ribosome separates and the mRNA is released to be used again or degraded. Translation occurs at multiple sites along an mRNA so that many ribosomes can be seen by electron microscopy bound to a single mRNA strand with many polypeptide chains forming from each.

Answer 4

Have a look on \(\underline{\href{//www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/translation/term.html}{\sf This}}\) to understand it better.

Answer 5

@Abhisar that made things a lot easier.

Answer 6

thank you both :) this really helped