$\huge \sf Ebola~virus~Disease$

Question

abhisar · Answer

$\huge \sf What~is~Ebola?$
Ebola virus is the cause of a `viral hemorrhagic fever disease.` Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.
EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 90%.

abhisar · Answer

$\sf \huge How~is~Ebola~transmitted?$
Natural reservoir of ebola viruses has not yet been proven(However, some sources claim it to be fruit bats), the manner in which the virus first appears in a human at the start of an outbreak is unknown. However, researchers have hypothesized that the first patient becomes infected through contact with an infected animal.

When an infection does occur in humans, the virus can be spread in several ways to others. The virus is spread through `Direct contact` with:
1 Bodily fluids of a person who is
sick with or has died from Ebola.
(blood, vomit, pee, poop, sweat,
semen, spit, other fluids)
2 Objects contaminated with the virus (needles, medical equipment)
3 Infected animals (by contact with
blood or fluids or infected meat)

$\sf \Large\color{red}{\text{You can’t get Ebola through air}}\\sf \Large\color{red}{\text{You can’t get Ebola through water}}\\sf \Large\color{red}{\text{You can’t get Ebola through food}}$

You can only get Ebola from touching bodily fluids of a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola

abhisar · Answer

$\sf \huge Signs~and~symptoms$
Symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to ebola virus, although 8-10 days is most common.

♦Fever (greater than 38.6°C or 101.5°F)
♦Severe headache
♦Muscle pain
♦Weakness
♦Diarrhea
♦Vomiting
♦Abdominal (stomach) pain
♦Lack of appetite

In severe and other cases, some patients may also experience
♦Rash
♦Red eyes
♦Hiccups
♦Cough
♦Sore throat
♦Chest pain
♦Difficulty breathing
♦Difficulty swallowing
♦ `Unexplained bleeding inside and outside of the body` [and hence is called haemorrhagic Fever]

Some who become sick with Ebola are `able to recover`. We do not yet fully understand why. However, patients who die usually have not developed a significant immune response to the virus at the time of death.

abhisar · Answer

$\bigstar$ Individuals who are not symptomatic are not contagious. In order for the virus to be transmitted, an individual would have to have direct contact with an individual who is experiencing symptoms.

abhisar · Answer

$\sf \huge Diagnosis$
Diagnosing Ebola HF in an individual who has been infected for only a few days is difficult, because the early symptoms, such as red eyes and a skin rash, are nonspecific to ebola virus infection and are seen often in patients with more commonly occurring diseases.

However, if a person has the early symptoms of Ebola HF and there is reason to believe that Ebola HF should be considered, the patient should be isolated and public health professionals notified. Samples from the patient can then be collected and tested to confirm infection.

abhisar · Answer

$\sf \huge Treatment$
Standard treatment for Ebola HF is still limited to supportive therapy. This consists of:

♦balancing the patient’s fluids and electrolytes
♦maintaining their oxygen status and blood pressure
♦treating them for any complicating infections
♦Timely treatment of Ebola HF is important but challenging since the disease is difficult to diagnose clinically in the early stages of infection. Because early symptoms such as headache and fever are nonspecific to ebola viruses, cases of Ebola HF may be initially misdiagnosed.

However, if a person has the early symptoms of Ebola HF and there is reason to believe that Ebola HF should be considered, the patient should be isolated and public health professionals notified. Supportive therapy can continue with proper protective clothing until samples from the patient are tested to confirm infection.

$\bigstar$ Experimental treatments have been tested and proven effective in animal models but has not yet been used in humans.

deepika.comet · Answer

where actually this started

factor · Answer

in african regions

factor · Answer

@deepika.comet

deepika.comet · Answer

i was not aware of this @factor

deepika.comet · Answer

from which animal did this start

factor · Answer

bat

deepika.comet · Answer

yeah hope our doctors find a good solution for the treatment to the people who got affected by this...

deepika.comet · Answer

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zale101 · Answer

@Abhisar impressive post

anonymous · Answer

Thanks for sharing this @Abhisar :)!

abhisar · Answer

I remember ur message asking about this !

camerondoherty · Answer

I didn't know any of this stuff thank you so much for sharing! It scares me honestly... its starting to come into the US...

abhisar · Answer

yes i heard about its spreading to US....and i just read somewher that its 1st patient in india has been confirmed today.

abhisar · Answer

@deepika.comet it's in chennai

deepika.comet · Answer

okay it heard it to be in Delhi airport when two foreigners entered the country..

abhisar · Answer

yesterday a doc died in south africa while treating one of the patients..

deepika.comet · Answer

ohhh so sad

camerondoherty · Answer

:c

deepika.comet · Answer

treating the patient made the doctor get infected by the virus..?? !!!

abhisar · Answer

yes..

camerondoherty · Answer

:c

deepika.comet · Answer

:(

superhelp101 · Answer

Ahhh
Nice work @Abhisar !
do you know what part of the US it spread to?

nincompoop · Answer

so what is a virus?

bioepic · Answer

impressive! @Abhisar you never cease to amaze me.

thomaster · Answer

Beware that some things you read in the media are misleading.

You sure can get ebola from food or water as long as it's infected. The reason the outbreaks are only in Africa is because they hunt animals for sustenance over there. If these animals are infected, eating the meat will give you the virus. 

Ebola can also live about 7 days in water. 1 drop of bat saliva in a puddle of rainwater could be enough...

And even though it's true the virus isn't airborne (cant's spread through air), it can spread in the air through vehicle-borne transmission. For example: aerosols. If an infected person sneezes, you don't wanna be nearby :P

abhisar · Answer

@thomaster  it is not transmitted by aerosol (coughing, sneezing). But yes it can be transmitted by direct contact with an object contaminated by body fluids. Actually the only thing which can be said with surity ryt now is that the transmission is involved with body fluids. So yes i would definitely don't want to be around any ebola patient sneezing ;)

thomaster · Answer

"The data on formal aerosol experiments leave no doubt that Ebola and Marburg viruses are stable and infectious in small-particle aerosols, and experience of transmission between experimental animals in the laboratory supports this."

$\sf\href{http:///jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/ix.long}{\color{blue}{Reference}}$

abhisar · Answer

Yeah i read that...but sufficient number of clinical trials are yet to be performed...basically the tranmission ways are not that clearly demarcated. The last line of the same paragraph in the journal you provided says "Indeed patients without any direct exposure to a known EHF case were carefully sought but uncommonly found. The conclusion is that if this mode of spread occurred, it was very minor."

nincompoop · Answer

http://cvi.asm.org/content/early/2014/09/12/CVI.00484-14.full.pdf http://jvi.asm.org/content/88/18/10958.full

nincompoop · Answer

http://youtu.be/XU47ZpHnNqE Published on Sep 8, 2014 Recognizing the importance of the public health emergency of the Ebola outbreak in western Africa, the organizers of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) the annual infectious diseases meeting of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

anonymous · Answer

I couldn't really understand anything, but I'm guessing it was good. But what does Ebola really do to someone? And didn't it spread to Dallas, TX, US? @Abhisar

anonymous · Answer

Some man came from Africa to America, probably knowing he had it or was going to get it.  A woman I think got it too, and went on the plane knowing she did. The only way to catch Ebola is to come in contact with the bodily fluids of someone who has it, and it will probably spread more in the U.S, it's pretty deadly, and now that people came here with it.

thomaster · Answer

@AnswerMyQuestions

It infects dendritic cells, which normally display signals of an infection on their surfaces to activate T lymphocytes (white blood cells that destroy infected cells). Because the dendritic cells are gone, the T cells and antibodies don’t respond to the infection. So the virus can start replicating immediately and very quickly.

It also causes macrophages to release coagulation proteins. They cause blood clotting in the vessels which will damage the vessels and cause them to leak. It's also called internal hemorrhaging (bleeding from the inside).

nincompoop · Answer

WHAT ARE DENDRITIC CELLS 
MUWAHAHAHAHA

abhisar · Answer

http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Dendritic-Cells.aspx

nincompoop · Answer

what are antigens? 
muwahahaha

abhisar · Answer

LOL

anonymous · Answer

What is all that stuff @thomaster was talking about? MUWAHAHAHAHA

Seriously, I don't understand health science english. :P

confluxepic · Answer

Too bad the Ebola victim known as Thomas Duncan spread the disease to Dallas, Texas, USA. A Dallas nurse known as Nina Pham contracted the disease but survived. Another Dallas nurse known as Amber Vinson also got the disease but is now declared free of Ebola. But Ebola may still be lurking.