Question

what is the following reason explains why the Islamic Golden Age was successful?

Answer 1

I think I answered a similar question like this a few days ago. The one I went with was that the focus on learning and knowledge attracted the best minds from around the world. Well, at least the known world at the time. But both Muslims and non-Muslims worked together in translating works handed down from the past that would otherwise have been lost (classical Greek and Roman works, for example) as Baghdad became a mecca for learning. The Abbasid caliphate was smack in the middle of the crossroads between Europe in the West and the far East where it conducted trade with China, so it had the best of both worlds at the time.

It's true they focused on math and science - but they didn't ignore art or poetry. The famous "A Thousand and One Nights" was compiled during this period along with a number of poetic works. The focus on spreading faith doesn't make much sense since Islamic faith was not in danger under the Abbasids (who were Muslim) and who also practiced tolerance towards other religions, but unfortunately, the focus on learning did not heal the divisions between Sh'ia and Sunni Muslims. Those divisions would eventually cause problems down the line, but at this point, weren't bad enough to destabilize the Abbasids yet.