Question

Double check my work? Fan & Medal

Answer 1

Explain what happens during programmed cell death (apoptosis) and describe TWO examples of the usefulness of this type of cell death in the functioning of multicellular organisms.

Answer 2

Apoptosis is a process during which a cell initiates steps to commit “suicide”, this is often due to severe stress and/or damage, such as DNA damage. Before the actual process of cell death, the cell preps by secreting enzymes, which cause regulatory proteins to initiate the apoptosis pathway. Once this prep is completed the actual process begins. First signals are released which cause mitochondria to release apoptosis-inducing proteins; this causes the cell to undergo a reduction in size as cellular components. Organelles then break down and condense. Blebs then start to appear on the surface of the cell membrane. After this, the cell breaks down into smaller fragments called apoptotic bodies which are enclosed in a membrane, so as to not harm nearby, healthy cells. Then phagocytic cells, such as macrophages , engulf and destroy the apoptotic bodies without causing an inflammatory reaction. Apoptosis can also be triggered externally by chemical substances that bind to specific receptors on the cell surface.

One very good example of why Apoptosis is useful, is that it destroys rogue, or harmful, cells. This protects the organism from harmful growths, such as cancerous tumors.

Answer 3

yeah I think

Answer 4

it is correct

Answer 5

I was thinking that another good example would be the fact that older, weaker cells, need to be destroyed to help newer, healthier cells grow (such as when humans workout, the older muscle cells die, only to have new ones rebuild a stronger muscle).

Answer 6

@Abhisar @mathslover @uri @iambatman @ikram002p