Question

check my work?

Answer 1

DNA for red-eye gene:
TAC GCA AGT AAA AAG GAT GAA GGC ATT

mRNA (after transcription)

AUG CGU ___ UCA _UUU__ UUC _CUA__ CUU _CCG__ UAA

Amino Acid sequence (after translation)

_Met/Start_
__ARG__ __SER____ ___PHE____ __PHE____ __LEV___ _LEV_____ __PRO____ _____ __Stop___

Answer 2

Yes, that's correct. Good job.

Answer 3

how do you know its correct? if you don't mind me asking

Answer 4

I did DNA and RNA transcribing about a month ago. Also, I had to learn about the DNA sequence for the red-eye gene.

Answer 5

okay what about this one:

question:NuGen claims that a mutation from UCC to UCA in their raptor’s gene could have caused the eye color to change. Is that possible?

answer:Yes, that could be possible because the amino acids changed from PHS to SER.

is my answer correct?

Answer 6

@DemiUnicorn

Answer 7

@PRAETORIAN.10

Answer 8

@Ashleyisakitty
@Destinymasha
@jagatuba
@jim_thompson5910
@pooja195
@whpalmer4

Answer 9

question:Why is mitochondrial DNA particularly useful in this investigation?
What is the result of the gel electrophoresis examination?


answer:Mitochondrial DNA is useful in this investigation because it helps you
find out if things are related, and how long ago they were related

is this correct?

Answer 10

@bohotness

Answer 11

Yes love

Answer 12

What is the result of the gel electrophoresis examination? how would I answer this part tho?

Answer 13

@bohotness ?

Answer 14

Oky Electrophoresis is the movement and subsequent separation of ions and charge macromolecules through a medium when an electric potential is applied. It is a powerful tool used in fundamental research and diagnostic settings for analysis of biomolecules. It is commonly used for purity and molecular weight determination for both DNA and protein solutions.

Contents [hide]
1 Theory
2 Agarose Gel
3 Preparing the sample
4 Loading the sample
5 Running the gel
Theory[edit]
The idea behind DNA gel electrophoresis is to separate the fragments of a DNA sample and compare the results to a positive and negative control to determine if a DNA sample contains a particular gene. The size of the DNA fragments in the sample are determined by the specific primers used to fragment the DNA. The primers used will vary depending on the gene that is in question. For example, a DNA gel searching for the MPI (mannose phosphate isomerase) will use different primers than a Vil-Cre gel. Electrophoresis is a very powerful method to separate proteins and other macromolecules such as DNA and RNA. The speed of migration of a protein, DNA, or RNA molecule in an electric field is contingent on the strength of the electric field, the net charge of the protein, and the frictional coefficient. These turns can be summarized in the equation v = Ez/f, where v is the speed of migration, E is the electric field strength, and f is the frictional coefficient. Electrophoresis experiments are generally carried out in gels because the gel can act as a molecular sieve that amplifies the effects of separation. Small proteins move very quickly through the gel, while large proteins do not move as rapidly, staying near the point of application.
Agarose Gel[edit]
The structure of an agarose polymer is as follows:
Structure of Agarose Polymer.jpg

In DNA electrophoresis, agarose gel is the common support material used. Agarose is a linear polymer of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose that is isolated from seaweed. It forms a macroporous matrix which allows rapid diffusion of high molecular weight macromolecules without significant restriction by the gel. The concentration of agarose in the gel determines the average pore size. The size of a gel controls the mobility and resolution of components because of the sieving effect of the pores on macromolecular species.
Preparing the sample[edit]
Typically, the DNA sample is prepared by adding the specific primers to fragment the DNA and a loading dye which allows the DNA bands to show after the image is captured.
Loading the sample[edit]
After the agarose gel sets, the samples are loaded into the wells. Along with the samples in question, two control samples, a positive and negative control, are loaded as well. The positive sample of DNA will already be confirmed to contain the gene in question. The negative control should not contain any genetic material whatsoever and should therefore appear as a blank slot in the gel.
Additionally, a DNA ladder is loaded into one of the wells. The ladder contains fragments of known sizes and essentially serves as the ruler in determining the size of the sample bands. Various ladders can be used, depending on the sample being tested. Two common ladder sizes are 100 base pairs and 1000 base pairs. Each of these have very different ranges.

various DNA ladders
Running the gel[edit]
In order to run the sample DNA through the gel, a running buffer (PBS) is added to the gel box until it submerges the gel. Then, the sample is exposed to an electrical current, allowing the DNA to move through the gel and separating the various fragments in the process. After the voltage is applied, the sieving ability of the gel separates the proteins based on their size, with the smallest proteins moving most rapidly. The distance of mobility of polypeptide chains under these conditions can be measured by looking at the inverse logarithm of their mass. The mobility of the polypeptide chains is linearly proportional to this value.

gel box with DNA samples
After the DNA sample runs through a significant portion of the gel, an image of the various bands can be collected. By comparing the sample bands to the control bands, a researcher is able to determine if a DNA sample contains the specific gene being tested for. The strength of separation by electrophoresis can be seen through examining fractions produced during the purification scheme. The fractions that are produced initially will show many different proteins. However, as the separation runs for longer time, the number of bands will shrink, and the intensity of one of the bands should increase. The band with the highest intensity should reveal the protein of interest.

Answer 15

Did you take it from Wikipedia?

Answer 16

that didn't tell me how I need the answer the question

Answer 17

@bohotness

Answer 18

No I didits my work I typed before

Answer 19

@bangbang559 do u know the principle of electrophoresis?
u could read the information given by @bohotness that would really help and it answers ur ques too...
and good job done with the earlier questions..:)

Answer 20

@shrutipande9 I read it but I didn't see how I could use it to answer my question

Answer 21

@shrutipande9 can you explain it to me?

Answer 22

sure....
are u there?

Answer 23

@bangbang559

Answer 24

yes im here

Answer 25

did you understand the principal of electrophoresis? or should we start from there?
and can u tell what ur question is again?

Answer 26

we should start there and the question is What is the result of the gel electrophoresis examination?

Answer 27

this is the assignment ive been working on

Answer 28

okay...so lets start from there...
do u know that DNA has got charge? DNA is negatively charged. So this charge on DNA is used to separate different DNA molecules in a solution. This is done by electrophoresis

Answer 29

did you look over my document?

Answer 30

looking..give me a min...:)

Answer 31

gel electrophoresis is done by using agarose gel...This agarose when dissolved in water and heated forms a gel. This gel is actually a very minute mesh...this mesh creates various pores through which the dna moves. So depending on how much agarose we add the pore size changes. so in a electrophoresis unit..we make this gel...then add the dna sample at one end by creating a small well in the gel. then electrodes r placed such that negative electrode is near the dna we added and positive to opposite side. as we pass current...dna start moving to the positive electrode. As we have created a mesh with agarose smaller dna molecules run a longer distance and bigger molecules get stuck as the pore size is small. So we get various bands after sometime. This band corresponds to dna of different sizes

Answer 32

i read ur assignment...i will tell u about electrophoresis first and then mtDNA

Answer 33

tell me once u hv understood this part...if u hv some doubt in it...tell me so we can clear it

Answer 34

I believe I understand

Answer 35

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agarose_gel_electrophoresis#mediaviewer/File:Loading_DNA_samples_into_an_agarose_gel_for_electrophoresis_-_CPHST_-_USDA_photo.jpg

Answer 36

the transparent whitish part u see all over is the gel..the blue lines that u see is wells filled with DNA. the blue colour is because of a dye

Answer 37

with me uptil now?

Answer 38

yes

Answer 39

cool....now why did they use mt dna....
Mitochondrial DNA is directly obtained from mother. it never undergoes recombination or changes. so whenever we have to find similarity then mtDNA is used.

Answer 40

so now what they did was...took mtDNA of ingen and mtdna of nugen...they cut the whole dna into pieces. The enzyme used to cut the dna ensures that it is cut only at specific sites. and den they run the dna in an gel electrophoresis unit. now what they have obtained is bands of dna.

Answer 41

with me? any doubts?

Answer 42

@bangbang559

Answer 43

yup im with you

Answer 44

if the band pattern is same then the species is same if not then different. now can u ans ur ques? try to?

Answer 45

I just dont understand how to put all this information into my answer, theres just so much info

Answer 46

so now what they did was...took mtDNA of ingen and mtdna of nugen...they cut the whole dna into pieces. The enzyme used to cut the dna ensures that it is cut only at specific sites. and den they run the dna in an gel electrophoresis unit. now what they have obtained is bands of dna.

I believe the answer is in this piece of information but I cant pull it out

Answer 47

actually i am glad u think this way..it just indicates u have undertood...u dont need to fit in all this explanation....i detailed it out so u could understand...

Answer 48

.u dnt need to write the pincipal of electrophoresis just write the end result whether the banding pattern is same or not..and if same then conclude if not then conclude

Answer 49

?

Answer 50

is this the answer? or close to it?

after cutting the dna into pieces they would run the dna into a gel elextrophories unit witch result in the newly obtained bands of dna.

Answer 51

@shrutipande9 ?

Answer 52

@shrutipande9 can you please reply?

Answer 53

The gel examination is a test used to run DNA matches. Basically, if the lines match each other, their DNA is identical. If they don't, their DNA is different. Based on the picture you can see that the ingen and nugen raptor have identical dna by the lines being in the same place and being the same size.

this is the answer