$\huge \color{blue}{Bio ~Theory~ of ~Evolution ~Important \ ~words ~and~ Important ~People:}$

$\small \color{red}{Please~No~Comments.~Thanks!~ :)}$

Question

$\huge \color{blue}{Bio ~Theory~ of ~Evolution ~Important \ ~words ~and~ Important ~People:}$

$\small \color{red}{Please~No~Comments.~Thanks!~ :)}$

joel_the_boss · Answer

$\large \color{purple}{Anatomy/Anatomist-}$ The field of anatomy is concerned with the bodily structures of humans, animals, and other organisms. Anatomists use dissection as just one of the ways in which they study body structures.


$\large \color{Green}{Astronomy}$ - Astronomy is the field of science that studies outer space, including the position, distribution, dimensions, motion, composition, and energy of planets, stars, and other celestial bodies.


$\large \color{red}{Biogeography}$ - The field of biogeography studies where on the planet species live now and where their ancestors lived in the past.


$\large \color{orange}{Botany/Botanist}$ - Botany is the field of science that studies plants. Botanists are the scientists that work in this field of study.


$\large \color{pink}{Catastrophism}$ - Catastrophism is a theory about the earth’s history that says major changes in the earth’s crust result from catastrophes rather than from slow, gradual processes.


$\large \color{blue}{Evolution by Natural Selection}$ - Some individuals within a population have traits that better enable them to survive and reproduce in a given environment, while others may not survive to reproduce. This process is called natural selection, and it can lead to the evolution of a population over many generations.


$\large \color{red}{Geology/ Geologist}$ - Geology is the field of science that investigates the earth’s physical structure, its history, and the processes that act upon it.


$\large \color{yellow}{Gradualism}$ - Gradualism is a theory about the earth’s history that says slow but continual processes can result in large, dramatic changes.


$\large \color{Green}{Naturalist}$ - A naturalist is an expert in the study of the natural history of the Earth.


$\large \color{purple}{Paleontology/Paleontologist}$ - The field of paleontology is concerned with the study of fossilized plants and animals. Paleontologists are the scientists who work in this field.


$\large \color{teal}{Punctuated Equilibrium}$ - The theory of punctuated equilibrium proposes that evolution happens in rare instances of rapid branching evolutionary change in between long periods of stability. This is in contrast to the theory of evolutionary gradualism.


$\large \color{Green}{Uniformitarianism}$ - A theory, built upon gradualism, proposing that the rates of geological processes that form the Earth are uniform, or constant, throughout history.

shrutipande9 · Answer

this is Biology groups's own glossary..i like it..:)

joel_the_boss · Answer

$\huge \color{green}{Important~People}$


$\large \color{blue}{Carolus Linnaeus}$

A Swedish physician and botanist who worked in the field of taxonomy, the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the various forms of life on Earth. He developed the two-part naming system for organisms, using the genus and species, known as scientific naming. Although he did not believe in the evolution of organisms, Linnaeus’s classification scheme presented possible kinship relationships for other scientists to investigate


$\large \color{green}{Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon}$ 

A French aristocrat who studied law and medicine, but then became a naturalist and author. He published 36 volumes of his Histoire naturelle (Natural History) during his lifetime. In his writings, he noted that different regions of the world have distinct plants and animals, even when they have similar environments. This is considered to be the first principle of biogeography. Buffon also suggested that species may have improved and degenerated since creation, and that Earth is probably much older than the 6,000 years widely accepted at the time.


$\large \color{purple}{Georges Cuvier}$ 

A French anatomist largely responsible for developing the field of paleontology, the study of fossils. Greatly influenced by the writings of Buffon, Cuvier found that layers, or strata, in Earth’s rock each represent a different period in Earth’s history. Each of these strata layers contains a unique collection of fossils. The deeper (older) the layer, the more dissimilar the plants and animals are from the current organisms on Earth. Cuvier speculated that the strata layers corresponded to catastrophic events on Earth such as floods or drought that destroyed many of the organisms living at the time, causing the differences in the fossils found in each strata layer. This view of Earth’s history is called catastrophism. 


$\large \color{teal}{James Hutton}$ 

A Scottish geologist who proposed a different idea of Earth’s geological history. He applied the principle of gradualism, which theorizes that slow but continual processes can result in large, dramatic changes on Earth. For example, canyons are formed by rivers over long periods of time instead of by a sudden catastrophic event. This meant that Hutton proposed that Earth was very old, because gradualism would take much more time to develop the current conditions of the Earth than the sudden, catastrophic events theorized by Cuvier and other scientists of the time. 


$\large \color{red}{Erasmus Darwin}$ 

An English physician, natural philosopher, botanist, and poet. He was also grandfather to the famous naturalist Charles Darwin. Erasmus Darwin presented one of the first formal theories on evolution in his publication Zoonomia; or The Laws of Organic Life (1794–1796). In these writings he discussed how life may have evolved from a single common ancestor and wrestled with the question of how one species could evolve into another. Darwin also wrote about how competition and sexual selection could cause changes in species. His grandson Charles Darwin commented on these writings and expanded on many of these ideas in his own studies. 


$\large \color{pink}{Charles Lyell}$

An Englishman who studied under many catastrophists at Oxford to become the leading geologist of his time. He eventually turned away from catastrophism, building upon James Hutton’s gradualism principles to develop a theory known as uniformitarianism. This theory proposes that the rates of geological processes that form the earth are uniform, or constant, throughout history.

joel_the_boss · Answer

$\large \color{orange}{Jean ~Baptiste ~Lamarck~ of ~France}$

One of the first scientists to develop a model attempting to explain how life evolved. He compared fossils to current species and found what he felt were several lines of descent from older fossils to younger fossils to modern species. He proposed that evolution responded to an organism’s inner drive toward complexity and perfection; parts of an organism’s body that were commonly used would grow and develop, while parts that were not used would eventually deteriorate. He also proposed that the modifications made to an organism during its lifetime can be passed on to its offspring, which has since been disproven. Although Lamarck’s theories are not well supported today, he served as an important influence on Charles Darwin and other scientists who followed.


$\large \color{green}{Charles~Darwin}$

Charles Darwin is credited with proposing the theory of evolution. As we have seen in this brief timeline, Darwin did not invent the idea and he did not observe and collect all of the supporting evidence on his own. However, he carried out the research necessary to document that evolution has occurred, proposed a plausible mechanism (natural selection) to explain why and how it occurs, and then published the theory and evidence in order to make it available to other scientists and to the general public. Unlike Lamarck’s idea that individuals alter their traits based on the environment, Darwin proposed that variations already existed within a population and those individuals with the more favorable, or useful, traits survive to reproduce. These traits then become more common in the population, leading the population to evolve slowly over time.


$\large \color{purple}{Alfred Russel ~Wallace}$

The British biologist independently developed a theory of evolution, based on natural selection, that prompted Darwin to publish his own similar theory. Wallace developed his theories on evolution while studying the wildlife of South America and Asia. He was the 19th century's leading expert on the geographical distribution of animal species. Wallace corresponded at times with Darwin, even supplying Darwin with birds for his studies. He sent his theory of evolution to Darwin in 1858, and they were surprised to learn how similar it was to the theories that Darwin was working on.


$\large \color{teal}{Gregor ~Mendel}$ 

An Austrian monk, provided the first experimental findings that began to explain heredity and genetics. The scientific community at the time, including Charles Darwin, did not recognize the importance of these findings. It was more than 15 years after Mendel’s death before scientists recognized the importance of his work. Today, scientists have applied their knowledge of genetics to the theory of evolution.


$\large \color{pink}{Alfred ~Wegener}$

A German astronomer who made contributions in many fields of science. He proposed and published the geological theory of continental drift. This theory claims that Earth’s continents once formed a single mass that split apart, with the pieces moving away from each other ever since. Wegener was not the first to suggest that the continents had once been connected, but he was the first to provide extensive geological and fossil evidence to support to the theory. This theory provides for evolutionary relationships between fossils now found on different continents.

joel_the_boss · Answer

$\small \color{red}{Word's~ Suggested ~by ~}$ @shrutipande9 $\small \color{red}{~Thanks. :)}$ 

$\large \color{purple}{Anagenesis}$

Aka, phyletic change, is the evolution of species involving an entire population rather than a branching event, as in cladogenesis. 


$\large \color{teal}{Biocultural}$

Made to explain how human behavior is a product of two different and interacting evolutionary processes: genetic evolution and cultural evolution. In DIT, culture is defined as information and behavior acquired through social learning.


$\large \color{red}{Evolution}$

The change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.


$\large \color{blue}{Cladogenesis}$

An evolutionary splitting event in a species in which each branch and its smaller branches forms a "clade", an evolutionary mechanism and a process of adaptive evolution that leads to the development of a greater variety of sister species. 


 $\large \color{yellow}{Bottleneck~Effect}$

A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events or human activities. Such events can reduce the variation in the gene pool of a population.



$\large \color{green}{Ecological~ Niche}$

A niche is a term with a quite a few meanings similar to the behavior of a species living under specific environmental conditions. The ecological niche describes how an organism or population reacts to the distribution of resources and competitors and how it in turn changes the same  factors. 


$\large \color{magenta}{Natural ~Selection}$

The process by which heritable biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with the environment. It is one of the  key mechanism in evolution! 


 $\large \color{pink}{Phyletic ~Gradualism}$
A model of evolution which theorizes that most speciation is slow, uniform and gradual.

joel_the_boss · Answer

Thanks for the suggestions! More are coming $\huge \color{pink}{\ddot \smile} $

inowalst · Answer

Thanks for making this post.

nincompoop · Answer

thank you for the copy and paste

leonardo0430 · Answer

thank you laborer that way i can cheat in my quiz ;^)

jagr2713 · Answer

Nice