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OpenStudy (anonymous):

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OpenStudy (anonymous):

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OpenStudy (monkeys):

I cant see the question ;-;

OpenStudy (monkeys):

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OpenStudy (anonymous):

Passage 1 What is The Freshman Fifteen? The term "freshman fifteen" is used to describe the weight gained by students during their freshman year of study in college or university. It is said that freshmen typically gain fifteen pounds during their first year. "Freshman fifteen" is an often-reported, but unproven claim in the U.S. and Canada. The weight gain is chiefly because of cafeteria-style food that is rich in fat and carbohydrates. University dorms also serve the students a lot of fast food. Many dining halls in U.S. universities are all-you-can-eat style. These cafeterias also have plentiful dessert options. In addition to food, students gain weight because of lack of sleep. Lack of sleep may cause overeating and weight gain because it lowers the level of leptin. Leptin is a protein produced by fat cells. Leptin regulates food intake and fat storage in the body. It is common in U.S. universities to have staff dieticians on campus. These staff dieticians often put up posters to encourage healthy eating. Many seminars are held on campus to teach about eating and nutrition. These seminars also provide tips on how to avoid weight gain. Students may also skip meals and experience more stress in college. Stress and unbalanced eating may also cause weight loss. The change in lifestyle and a sudden change in weight also cause poor nutrition and eating disorders. Poor nutrition and eating disorders are more common among female students. When University of Guelph professors Alison Duncan and Janis Randall Simpson conducted a study of first-year female students, they found that female students were likely to gain only five pounds, and not fifteen. Duncan and Simpson have since begun a study to see if the weight-gain pattern is the same for first-year male students. Researchers disagree that the term "freshman fifteen" reflects the actual number of pounds gained by freshmen. Some evidence suggests that this term used to be "freshman ten." The "freshman 10" has become the "freshman 15" because the weight of the average person has increased. Students are gaining more weight than they did a few decades ago. Passage 2 Beating the 'Freshman 15' People talk about the "freshman 15." Do some college students really gain 15 pounds in their first year? Researchers at Cornell University found that students gained an average of 4 pounds during their first 12 weeks of their freshman year. The rate of gain is 11 times higher than the typical weight gain for 17 and 18 year-olds. Not everyone will gain the full 15, though. A study by researchers at Tufts University found that men gain 6 pounds and women gain 4.5 during their first year at college. What's Behind First-Year Weight Gain? College offers many temptations. You are free to eat what you want, when you want. You can get more portions in the dining hall and eat unhealthy snacks to help with late-night studying. You may not get as much exercise as you did in high school. College is also a time of change. Getting used to a new school can cause people to overeat. Sometimes people eat because of anxiety, homesickness, sadness, or stress. Should I Worry About the Weight? Some weight gain is normal as a body grows and metabolism changes. Rapid weight gain may become a problem. Weight gain that pushes above your body's normal range has health risks. People who are overweight are more likely to have high blood pressure and cholesterol, trouble breathing, and joint problems. Overweight youths are more likely to become overweight adults. Poor diet and exercise habits in college can put you on a path to heart disease, type 2 diabetes, or obesity and may increase your risk for certain cancers. Unhealthy food choices won't give you the nutrients you need to keep up with the strain of college. Your energy will drain, and your concentration and memory will suffer. The Tufts study found that almost 70% of students get fewer than the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. How Can I Avoid Gaining Weight? Avoid eating when you are stressed, studying, or watching TV. Here are some steps to start a healthy food attitude: eat slowly eat at regular times limit between-meal snacking choose nutritious foods pick lower-fat foods when possible (milk and salad dressing) watch the size of portions (not too much or too little) avoid vending machines and fast food keep healthy snacks in your room replace soft drinks with water and healthier beverages Smoking is another problem. Cigarettes may slow your appetite, but they can make exercise and normal activity more difficult. Smoking also causes heart and lung problems and increases your risk of cancer. Get enough exercise and sleep. Those who exercise at least three times a week are more likely to be in better health and have greater happiness than those who do not exercise. They also tend to use their time doing something productive. Gaining weight during the first year of college doesn't have to happen. You may have your ups and downs. A few simple changes to your daily routine can keep you healthy. This information was provided by KidsHealth, one of the largest resources online for medically reviewed health information written for parents, kids, and teens. For more articles like this one, visit www.KidsHealth.org or www.TeensHealth.org. ©1995-2007. The Nemours Foundation 2. What cause of weight gain is mentioned in the second passage but not in the first passage? the stress of college life fast food in college dorms plentiful dessert options a lack of exercise in college

OpenStudy (monkeys):

A

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