Question

Let's go over the fundamental structures of an atom together!

Answer 1

yay

Answer 2

Thanks

Answer 3

To begin with protons and neutrons as well as electrons are our homies. We all know them right?

Answer 4

But how they actually play around with the naming systems like the atomic mass and atomic number and such... Worth going over them.

Answer 5

More over things like orbitals and energy levels and the fact that each energy level contains different number of orbitals....XD

Answer 6

So the textbook says our atomic mass is equal to how many protons and electrons are present in the nucleus, and this helps us identify the orbiting electrons as a result.

Answer 7

However even more fascinating is the notations they use

Answer 8

I am reading the isotopes section right now. The number of neutrons present alone can affect the entire structure of an atom. How fancy and cool

Answer 9

that's awesome

Answer 10

Ye

Answer 11

Did you know the most outer orbital is named as valence shell? That sounds so bad use

Answer 12

*uss

Answer 13

Discovery of knowledge is beautiful

Answer 14

And obviously electrons situated in the most outer orbital are called valence electrons

Answer 15

Oh by the way I just figured aluminum has 3 electrons in the valence shell and according to the diagram system called electron shell diagram Aluminum is considered extremely reactive with other elements because it has 3 electrons which are not fully conformed with 8 electrons usually in each orbital.

Answer 16

Hey Ganashie Join us too

Answer 17

We are having recap session of our high school university introductory chem

Answer 18

@ganeshie8

Answer 19

Please continue... I'm just not good wid these haha!

Answer 20

Ok. Now we are comparing Lewis Dot diagram and electron shell diagram!

Answer 21

Can anyone tell the difference between them?

Answer 22

It's actually so cute

Answer 23

Yup

Answer 24

I think dot diagram only tells about the valence shell

Answer 25

Yeah! You are right on the spot give yourself a medal Ganashie!

Answer 26

So this goofy guy Lewis came up with a convenient method of identifying an element by just looking at the number of valence electrons situated in the valence orbit

Answer 27

How convenient! Whereas electron shell diagram shows all the electrons from inside out so that's like running your fingers from your mouth to rectum

Answer 28

We only care about valence electrons in chemical reactions is it

Answer 29

Yeah

Answer 30

It's fascinating how they disregard other orbitals except for valence orbit because that mostly determines the reactivity of an element. Take ammonia for example

Answer 31

Also depends on the type of bonding in a compound which goes a long list but on just atomic scale valence electrons are only reponsibles for reaction

Answer 32

Hey! I think I remember something about each "ring" of the atom can only allow a certain amount of electrons right? What was that pattern of numbers for allowance? Or is this not true?

Answer 33

Take water for example. Notice how water doesn't just spill out of the cup when it's full but it goes like 1-2mm higher than the cup

Answer 34

@freckles Yes you are right

Answer 35

They are called energy levels or electron configurations

Answer 36

I think it has to do with afbou principle

Answer 37

Actually water's compound is V shaped and has dipole dipole attractions

Answer 38

So they tend to stick with each other.

Answer 39

I remember water is a polar molecule

idk if it is a molecule or compound anymore lol

Answer 40

I don't know about the polar part. But water is a molecule..
I don't know what a compound is.

Answer 41

I think it is both

Answer 42

compound-substance composed of two or more elements

Answer 43

but I think molecule holds true too

Answer 44

so is dioxide a compound since there are two elements...or do the elements have to be distinct.

Answer 45

molecule doesn't necessitate the presence of more than 2 different elements

Answer 46

so H2 is a molecule but not a compound because it is made up of pure H atoms is it

Answer 47

You're very enthusiastic Robert, and that's good! Keep up your work

Answer 48

Yeah it appears so

Answer 49

We call them oxygen molecules but not oxygen compounds

Answer 50

A compound is any collection of atoms or molecules, which are CHEMICALLY combined in a fixed ratio by mass

Answer 51

compounds implies "mixture" "combination"

Answer 52

a bit off topic but you guys might enjoy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hb8P9N4KGm8
or
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqtuNXWT0mo

Answer 53

@Nishant_Garg you said compounds are in "set ratio". Whereas molecules are also set ratio aren't they

Answer 54

Or the means by which these elements bond-like ionic bonding (due to force of attraction from positively charged or negatively charged atoms) or covalent bonding(sharing of electrons from valence orbital)

Answer 55

Example of this is sodium. Notice the name sodium chloride. Sodium ions attracted to negatively charged chloride ions.

Answer 56

Recap:ions are either positively charged or negatively charged atoms.

Answer 57

Intuitively, it seems that ionic bonding cannot happen in a molecule because neither wins/loses as both atoms are same

Answer 58

They seem to compensate with each other via double boding.

Answer 59

Oh never forget there is also triple bonding too.

Answer 60

With the exception of hydrogen bonding

Answer 61

A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound, just like how atom is to element
For example a very big compound maybe made of just 1 type of molecule repeated several times (this happens in organic chemistry)
So H2 can infact be considered a compound, it's chemically bonded, it's ratio by mass is 1:1 between both hydrogen atoms

Answer 62

however people usually talk of H2 as H2 molecules

Answer 63

i never actually found out what an atom looks like, would you go over some models that quantum mechanics provides ?

Answer 64

I know Si, in its pure form, forms a crystal structure sharing one electron(covalent bonding) with each of its four surrounding Si atoms so that the valence shell contains 8 electrons which happens to be the stable configuration that mother nature likes

Answer 65

Yeah especially when it comes to carbon chain bonding in organic chemistry it becomes tediously long.

Answer 66

Oh by the way there is also "chain" as well just like there is compound and molecule.

Answer 67

A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds. Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element.

@Nishant_Garg google gives that

Answer 68

Hmm true, because it's the same atom

Answer 69

Based on that definition, we cannot say H2, N2 etc are compounds...

Answer 70

Yeah like I said compound implies mixture to my ear does it to yours?

Answer 71

Yep it must be different atoms now that I remember for a compound

Answer 72

whereas molecule has a tone of "moles" which is important in stoichiometry

Answer 73

However covalent bonding may differentiate the subtle structure of molecules from ionic bonding...

Answer 74

For most molecules I know are bonded with covalent bonding

Answer 75

mixture is just a mix of different atoms in no definite proportion and not chemically combined, it's quite different from a compound I think

Answer 76

However compounds..... yeah ionic bonding with cation and anion being attracted to each other

Answer 77

yeah mixture is more like physical term..

Answer 78

yeah but I meant the etymology of compound

Answer 79

Electronegativity?

Answer 80

and convalent bonding

Answer 81

water is polar covalent bond

Answer 82

denoted by asymmetrical structure.

Answer 83

Whereas methane is not. Because the compound appears symmetrical.