Question

Both the Articles of Confederation and the Federal Constitution provided for how judicial power would be exercised. Explain differences in the organization of the courts between the Articles of Confederation and the Federal Constitution.

Answer 1

The following is a comparison, detailing the similarities and differences between the two documents.

Legislature (makes the laws)
Articles: Legislature - Unicameral [One House], called Congress
Constitution: Legislature - Bicameral [Two Houses], called Congress, divided into the House of Representatives and the Senate

Members of Congress
Articles: Between two and seven members per state
Constitution: Two Senators per state, Representatives apportioned according to population of each state

Voting in Congress
Articles: One vote per state
Constitution: One vote per Representative or Senator

Appointment of members
Articles: All appointed by state legislatures, in the manner each legislature directed
Constitution: Representatives elected by popular vote, Senators appointed by state legislatures

Term of legislative office
Articles: One year
Constitution: Two years for Representatives, six for Senators

Term limit for legislative office
Articles: No more than three out of every six years
Constitution: None

Congressional Pay
Articles: Paid by states
Constitution: Paid by the federal government

Executive
Articles: None
Constitution: President

National Judiciary (Court system)
Articles: No federal courts
Constitution: Federal judiciary established, including Supreme Court

How disputes [arguments] between states are solved
Articles: Congress
Constitution: Supreme Court

New States
Articles: Admitted upon agreement of nine states
Constitution: Admitted upon agreement of Congress

Amendment - How national laws will be changed
Articles: When agreed upon by all states
Constitution: When agreed upon by three-fourths of all states

Navy
Articles: Congress authorized to build a navy; states authorized to equip warships to counter piracy
Constitution: Congress authorized to build a navy; states not allowed to keep ships of war

Army
Articles: Congress to decide on size of force and to requisition troops from each state according to population
Constitution: Congress authorized to raise and support armies

Power to coin (make) money
Articles: United States and the states
Constitution: United States only

Taxes
Articles: The United States Congress has no power to tax, but the states do
Constitution: Congress and the states have the power to levy and collect taxes

Ratification (how the document becomes law)
Articles: Unanimous consent of all the states required
Constitution: Consent of nine out of thirteen
Hope this helped!