You have 7 balls that are each a different color of the rainbow. In how many distinct ways can these balls be ordered?
The is the first concept of permutations. Let's focus on each ball. For the first ball, it can be placed into any of the 7 positions. For the second ball, it can be placed into any of the remaining 6 positions. For the third ball, you have 5 positions. For the fourth ball, you have 4 positions. For the fifth ball, you have 3 positions. For the sixth ball, you have 2 positions. For the seventh ball, you have 1 position. Multiplying it out, the number of ways to arrange 7 distinctly colored balls is: 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 5040 ways. This is used so frequently in combinatorics and probability that it is abbreviated as 7! ("seven factorial"). Answer: 5040 ways
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