Question

How water is a polar molecule... can someone explain it please?? :)

Answer 1

@Memuna

Here's a more detailed explanation of this, well this should be on the chemistry section not open study feedback :)

Polar, means that there is an electronegativity difference in the molecule. This means that one element wants the electrons more than the other atoms. because of this the electrons spend more time near the more electronegative element than the others. What happens is that, well there's a net negative part of the molecule, where most of the electrons are and a net positive part of the molecule.

in water, we have one oxygen atom and two hydrogens. okay, so water has 6 valence electrons, and it needs two electrons to complete its octet, this means 8 electrons total. remember elements like to gain or lose electrons to achieve octet.

Let's draw out the lewis structure.



now, take a look here. let's draw this out. according to VESPR when we draw out molecules we have to ensure that the non bonding electrons, lone pairs, are far away as possible from our other bonded atoms. the more lone pairs means that the angles between the atoms become smaller. don't focus on this as much. just take a look at the figure.

This looks a bit outrageous, but take a look here. there is a dipole, shown by that fancy arrow which is pointing at the oxygen. the lone pairs, non bonding electrons on oxygen are shown also.




So this is what we mean by polar, also to add this is a covalent bond because the electrons are being shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.