Question

hi, i need help

Answer 1

i need help taking notes on a reading

Answer 2

@elite

Answer 3

ok

Answer 4

how do i help you

Answer 5

Chapter 2, Section 2


Thermal Energy and Temperature
The tea in the cup and in the teapot are at the same temperature but have a different amount of total energy. To understand this, you need to know that all substances are made up of tiny particles that are constantly moving. The faster the particles are moving, the more energy they have. Figure 4 shows how the motion of the particles is related to the amount of energy they hold. Temperature is the average amount of energy of motion of each particle of a substance. That is, temperature is a measure of how hot or cold a substance is. In contrast, the total energy of motion in the particles of a substance is called thermal energy. The hot tea in the teapot has more thermal energy than the hot tea in the cup because it has more particles.

An illustration of liquids at different temperatures, with illustrations of their molecular speed.

Measuring Temperature
Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the weather. Air temperature is usually measured with a thermometer. A thermometer is a thin glass tube with a bulb on one end that contains a liquid, usually mercury or colored alcohol.

Thermometers work because liquids expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. When the air temperature increases, the temperature of the liquid in the bulb also increases. This causes the liquid to expand and rise up the column.

Temperature Scales
Temperature is measured in units called degrees. Two temperature scales are commonly used: the Celsius scale and the Fahrenheit scale. Scientists use the Celsius scale. On the Celsius scale, the freezing point of pure water is 0°C (read “zero degrees Celsius”). The boiling point of pure water at sea level is 100°C. Weather reports in the United States use the Fahrenheit scale. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32°F and the boiling point is 212°F.


How Heat Is Transferred
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler one. Heat is transferred in three ways: radiation, conduction, and convection.

Radiation
Have you ever felt the warmth of the sun’s rays on your face? You were feeling energy coming directly from the sun as radiation. Recall that radiation is the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Most of the heat you feel from the sun travels to you as infrared radiation. You cannot see infrared radiation, but you can feel it as heat.

Conduction
Have you ever walked barefoot on hot sand? Your feet felt hot because heat moved directly from the sand into your feet. The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching is called conduction. When a fast-moving sand molecule bumps into a slower-moving molecule, the faster molecule transfers some of its energy.

The closer together the atoms or molecules in a substance are, the more effectively they can conduct heat. Conduction works well in some solids, such as metals, but not as well in liquids and gases. Air and water do not conduct heat very well.

Convection
In fluids (liquids and gases), particles can move easily from one place to another. As the particles move, their energy goes along with them. The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid is called convection.

Heating the Troposphere
Radiation, conduction, and convection work together to heat the troposphere. During the day, the sun’s radiation heats Earth’s surface. The land becomes warmer than the air. Air near Earth’s surface is warmed by both radiation and conduction. However, heat is not easily transferred from one air particle to another by conduction. Only the first few meters of the troposphere are heated by conduction. Thus, the air close to the ground is usually warmer than the air a few meters up.

Within the troposphere, heat is transferred mostly by convection. When the air near the ground is heated, its particles move more rapidly. As a result, they bump into each other and move farther apart. The air becomes less dense. Cooler, denser air sinks toward the surface, forcing the warmer air to rise. The upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air form convection currents. Convection currents move heat throughout the troposphere.

Answer 6

thats the passage, could u help me with notes

Answer 7

@elite

Answer 8

um copy paste few things like pionts then go through it and change up words

Answer 9

can u help me do it

Answer 10

r u going to do it on paper or computer

Answer 11

@AloneS

Answer 12

computer

Answer 13

ok

Answer 14

i cant help right now i taking a test

Answer 15

@Astrophysics

@jabez177

Answer 16

please! @elite

Answer 17

sometime tonight?

Answer 18

i dunno

Answer 19

@Comrad

Answer 20

please

Answer 21

@IMAKEITRAINMONEY

Answer 22

get a main idea out of the chapter

Answer 23

ok, so each heading should be a summary

Answer 24

then get some key words or phrases

Answer 25

ok, can u help me

Answer 26

main idea is what the paragraph/passage is talking about so look for those

Answer 27

DID that help?

Answer 28

no. @IMAKEITRAINMONEY

Answer 29

What are you trying to do overall my friend?

Answer 30

I can help you compose a draft of an essay and or paragraph, if that is what you want.

Answer 31

sure, i just need help taking notes about theses paragraphs, @MissSmartiez

Answer 32

@MissSmartiez

Answer 33

Alright, so you just need to paraphrase each notes into 1 - 2 sentences?

Answer 34

@luvhawks711?

Answer 35

sure, i just need the paragraphs shortened into notes,@MissSmartiez

Answer 36

Alright that seems easy. First thing we will do: Conduction, brb writing in a word

Answer 37

ok,

Answer 38

Hold on I have to do my room real quick, first start on the easiest, conduction.

Answer 39

Tell me what you have so far while I quickly do this (fast at chores,)

Answer 40

i have done nothin
@MissSmartiez

Answer 41

@MissSmartiez

Answer 42

?

Answer 43

ok, thxs. @MissSmartiez can u keep going?

Answer 44

thxs

Answer 45

what else? @MissSmartiez

Answer 46

no

Answer 47

@MissSmartiez more?

Answer 48

This is all of it paraphrased @ luvhawks711, put it in your own words to prevent plagiarizing me, however, if this is just for work and not a test assignment, you can leave it the way it is.

Conduction: It transfers heat when the particles (or subjects) contact physically with each other. Like when you have a pot that's hot, and it transfers heat to the pot's handle, it is called conduction.

Convection:
Convection is another heat transfer when the warm particles moves in currents. “Like when pot of water is boiled, the water particles closest to the bottom of the pot are heated the most.” – Sfs lesson

Radiation: This is different from convection and conduction, this heat transfer can travel through space. The sun heating our Earth is an example of this process.
Heat transfer: How heat is transferred to another object. This genre is broken down into three main ways, conduction, radiation, and convection.

Temperature scales:
Temperature can be scaled. The two primary and usual measurement units to measure the temperature is C, Celsius and F, Fahrenheit.
Fahrenheit: “a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 32° and boils at 212° under standard conditions”
Celsius: “ a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° under standard conditions”
- Source: Dictionary definitions.

Measuring Temperature:
Temperature is mostly measured by a tool called a thermometer. This tool is a glass tube, which is then, with a bulb located at the end that is filled with red liquid (usually either mercury, or colored alcohol.). The mercury, or dyed alcohol, escalates when it is heated; contracts when it is cooled. This means when it is hot, the liquid moves up the column, but when it is cold, it moves down.

Thermal energy/temperature:
Thermal energy is the type of energy of a thing, due to the unplanned motion of its particles. This is how it works: The faster it is, the more the thermal energy, followed by the greater temperature. Although temperature could be functioned as an pointer to the amount of thermal energy an object has, it isn’t the same as thermal energy.


Overall process: The sun heats the Earth (radiation), and then longwave radiation heats the troposphere (both radiation and conduction, later switches to convention), via convection currents (to convection). Within the troposphere, heat is transferred mostly by convection. The expanded form: During the first few meters, troposphere is heated by conduction. Air that is close to the ground is most likely to be warmer than the air a few meters above. Its particles move faster when the air near the ground is heated. Resulting from this, they collide into each other and move farther apart. Then cooler, denser air sinks to the surface which causes the warmer air to rise. Then the upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air form convection currents. heat isn't so easily transferred from one air particle to another by conduction. Though only Convection currents move heat throughout the troposphere. I would most likely do the expanded form because it has more information to ace a test, and make sure you cite the source, http://www.answers.com/Q/What_causes_most_of_the_heating_in_the_troposphere and Chapter 2, Section 2

Answer 49

I would appreciate it if you give a:

Fan, Medal (most likely), and or a testimonial if this post helped you! You are welcome @luvhawks711!