Question

How will the vapor pressure of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride compare to that of pure water?

Answer 1

The surface of a pure solvent (Figure 11.7a) is populated only by solvent molecules. Some of these molecules are escaping from the surface, and others are returning to the liquid state (see Section 10.3A). The surface of a solution is populated by two kinds of molecules; some are solvent molecules,

FIGURE 11.7
FIGURE 11.7 Vapor pressure lowering: (a) the vapor pressure of a pure liquid; (b) the vapor pressure of a solution. In (b), the number of solvent molecules on the surface of the liquid has been decreased by the presence of the solute molecules. Fewer solvent molecules can vaporize, and the vapor pressure is lower.
others are solute molecules. Only the solvent molecules are volatile. They alone can escape to build up the vapor pressure of the solution. There are fewer solvent molecules on the surface of the solution than on the surface of the pure liquid. Fewer will vaporize and, as a consequence, the vapor pressure of the solution will be less than that of the pure liquid at the same temperature (see Figure 11.7b).

http://chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem/sstutorial/Text11/Tx117/tx117.html

Answer 2

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