Question

digestive
@somy

Answer 1

Which of following processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system?
a) Ingestion
b) Secretion
c) Mixing and propulsion
d) Absorption
e) None of the above

Answer 2

Which of following processes is the primary function of the mouth?
a) Ingestion
b) Secretion
c) Mixing and propulsion
d) Absorption
e) None of the above

Answer 3

Which of following processes is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine?
a) Ingestion
b) Secretion
c) Mixing and propulsion
d) Absorption
e) None of the above

Answer 4

Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid to soften food?
a) Teeth
b) Salivary glands
c) Liver
d) Gallbladder
e) Pharynx

Answer 5

Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid that functions to emulsify dietary fats?
a) Teeth
b) Salivary glands
c) Liver
d) Gallbladder
e) Pharynx

Answer 6

Which of the following accessory organs stores bile?
a) Teeth
b) Salivary glands
c) Liver
d) Gallbladder
e) Pharynx

Answer 7

The capability of the GI tract to move material along its length is called a) Motility
b) Propulsion
c) Digestion
d) Absorption
e) Defecation

Answer 8

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels.
a) Mucosa
b) Lamina propria
c) MALT
d) Musclaris
e) Epithelium

Answer 9

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis.
a) Submucosa
b) Lamina propria
c) Epithelium
d) Serosa
e) None of the above

Answer 10

This layer functions by secreting a lubricating fluid. a) Serosa
b) Submucosa
c) Muscularis
d) Mucosa
e) MALT

Answer 11

These are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response.
a) Mucosa
b) Lamina propria
c) MALT
d) Submucosa
e) Serosa

Answer 12

This plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers
of the muscularis.
a) ENS
b) Myenteric plexus
c) Submucosal plexus
d) Digestive plexus
e) Absorption plexus

Answer 13

Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?
a) Because they stimulate the parasympathetic nerves supplying the GI tract
b) Because they stimulate the somatic nerves that supply the GI tract
c) Because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract
d) They do not affect digestion
e) Because all emotions are controlled by the Vagus nerve

Answer 14

This portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine.
a) Greater omentum
b) Falciform ligament
c) Lesser omentum
d) Mesentery
e) Mesocolon

Answer 15

This portion of the peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.
a) Greater omentum
b) Falciform ligament
c) Lesser omentum
d) Mesentery
e) Mesocolon

Answer 16

This portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and lymph vessels to the intestines.
a) Greater omentum
b) Falciform ligament
c) Lesser omentum
d) Mesentery
e) Mesocolon

Answer 17

The hard palate
a) A. Is the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
b) B. Is formed by the maxillae and palatine bones
c) C. Is covered by a mucous membrane
d) Both a and b
e) All of the above

Answer 18

In the mouth, this runs posteriorly to the sides of the pharynx.
a) Uvulva
b) palatoglossal arch
c) palatopharyngeal arch
d) parotid glands
e) sublingual glands

Answer 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
a) Conversion of carbohydrates
b) Protein metabolism
c) Storage of bilirubin
d) Phagocytosis
e) Storage of vitamins

Answer 20

Which of the following small intestine cells secrete lysozyme?
a) Goblet cells
b) Absorptive cells
c) Mucosa cells
d) Paneth cells
e) S cells

Answer 21

Brunners glands
a) Secrete mucous
b) Secrete an acidic juice
c) Secrete an alkaline juice
d) Secrete mucous and acidic juice
e) Both mucous and an alkaline juice

Answer 22

Which of the following enzymes acts to produce monoglycerides as products?
a) Lipase
b) Amylase
c) Trypsin
d) Phosphatase e) Ligase

Answer 23

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts to produce smaller peptides from proteins?
a) Chymotrypsin
b) Amylase
c) Pepsin
d) Phosphatase
e) Nucleosidase

Answer 24

This hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine.
a) Pepsin
b) Secretin
c) Gastrin
d) Cholecystokinin

Answer 25

This digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins.
a) Bicarbonate ion
b) mucus
c) Bile
d) Hydrochloric acid
e) Water

Answer 26

This structure regulates the flow of material into the colon.
a) Ileocecal sphincter
b) Pyloric sphincter
c) Appendix
d) Sigmoid colon
e) Anal canal

Answer 27

Which of the following does is the primary function of the large intestine?
a) Mechanical digestion
b) Chemical digestion
c) Absorption
d) Feces formation
e) Regulation of blood glucose

Answer 28

Describe the structures and functions of the enteric nervous system

Answer 29

Explain why food does not normally go up into your nasal cavity or down into your lungs when you swallow-even if you are standing on your head when you swallow.

Answer 30

Describe the role of the liver in protein metabolism.

Answer 31

Identify the protein-hydrolyzing enzymes in the digestive tract, and name their sources. Why are these enzymes released in an inactive form?

Answer 32

Describe the structural characteristics of the small intestine that enhance its function as the major absorber of nutrients.

Answer 33

Embryology-related:
The left vagus nerve innervates the anterior surface of the stomach and right vagus nerve innervates the posterior surface of the stomach. Give the embryological basis.

A female baby started vomiting few hours after her birth. On physical examination a marked distention in epigas- tric region was noted. The vomitus contained bile; the radiograph of the abdomen revealed gas in the stomach and proximal half of duodenum. What is the most probable diagnosis? Give its embryological basis.

Umbilicus of a newborn infant was swollen, and there was a persistent discharge (mucus and feces) from the umbi- licus.The fluoroscopy using radiopaque oil revealed a fistulous tract that was communicating with distal part of the ileum. What is this sinus tract called? Give its embryological basis.

A newborn was born with a shiny mass of about the size of an orange that was protruding from the umbilicus. The mass was covered by a thin, transparent membrane. After exposure to air the transparent membrane lost its shiny appearance. What is the most probable diagnosis? Give its embryological basis.

In adults the left lobe of the liver is smaller than the right lobe. Give its embryological basis.

Give the embryological basis of presence of notches on the superior/anterior border of the spleen.

Give the embryological basis of Riedel’s lobe and discuss its clinical significance.

What is Phrygian cap? Give the embryological basis of Phrygian cap.

What is the embryological basis of extensive enlargement of liver in the intrauterine life. Give reasons for the pro- portionately large size of the liver in early postnatal life?

Intrahepatic biliary atresia has a very poor prognosis as compared to extrahepatic biliary atresia. Why?