Question

What's the difference between intensive and extensive properties? (And some examples of each.)

Answer 1

The difference is that intensive properties does not charge when the size of your system change, unlike extensive properties.

Such a thing can be achieved when a property is normalized against system size. So a simple example of a extensive property is
Enthalpy [ J ]: When you are out new years eve fire rockets into the skies the the height the rocket reach depends on the amount of explosive and thereby enthalpy.

Intensive property:
Molar enthalpy [ J / mol]: Now this is like a product declaration, you know how much energy you have if you eat a specific amount of it. This will always remain the same no matter if the system changes in size.

The two properties are related by the following:
\[\large \Delta H = \Delta H_m \times n\]
Here is n the amount of substance and is basically used to normalize the enthalpy to create the molar enthalpy.

You can try figure out some examples your self and then we can discuss them why they are either intensive or extensive properties.