Question

Discuss how the kinetic energy of particles relates to the temperature of the substance containing those particles, then show the equation that relates kinetic energy and temperature.

Answer 1

the equation is KE = (3/2)kT where k is the boltzmann constant, T is temp

judging by this equation what sort of relationship does temperature have with KE?

Answer 2

idk it like defines the ke the more it increases the more energy

Answer 3

as T increases does KE increase or decrease?

Answer 4

decreases

Answer 5

notice how the equation multiplies T by (3/2) which is positive and greater than 1, so as T increases KE increases as well

from a physical standpoint, T is the measure of the particles' speed, so higher T --> higher average velocity --> higher KE

Answer 6

that's probably all that you need for this q, just to state that T and KE are positively associated

Answer 7

so basically it will increase the higher the temp the higher the ke , thy are related positively

Answer 8

yes

Answer 9

What is the average velocity of atoms in 1.00 mol of argon (a monatomic gas) at 275 K? For m, use 0.0399 kg.

Answer 10

(1/2)mv^2 = (3/2)RT solve for v

Answer 11

since we're dealing with SI units use 8.31 J/mol for R

Answer 12

(1/2)(0.0399)v^2 = (3/2)(8.31)(275)

Answer 13

414.52

Answer 14

good, 415 m/s (using 3 sig figs)

Answer 15

What is the mathematical equation for calculating the internal energy of a diatomic gas

Answer 16

KEtotal = (3/2)nRT.

Answer 17

diatomic is 5/2 not 3/2, so (5/2)nRT, just have to memorize this

Answer 18

KEtotal = (5/2)nRT.

Answer 19

good

Answer 20

What is the internal energy of 2.00 mol of diatomic hydrogen gas (H2) at 35°C

Answer 21

(5/2)nRT = ?

* make sure to convert Celcius to Kelvin first

Answer 22

n is moles --> 2
T is temp --> 35C, convert this to kelvin
R is the ideal gas constant, in this scenario 8.31 J/mol

Answer 23

(5/2)nRT = (5/2)(2)(8.31)(35 + 273) = ?

Answer 24

12797.4

Answer 25

good, units are Joules as usual

Answer 26

Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph to correctly identify some unique properties of water.

Water is important to living things because it remains in the _______________ state over a wide range of temperatures. Water in lakes and oceans does not experience large temperature changes because liquid water has a _______________ specific heat, so it must absorb or release a lot of energy as its temperature changes. The _______________ forces between water molecules cause water to form round droplets and cause water's high _______________. Water is also an important _______________ because it can dissolve many different substances.

Answer 27

do you have any ideas/ or initial guesses for some of the blanks?

Answer 28

Yes holdon one sec

Answer 29

is the first blank maybe liquid? :/

Answer 30

yup good, any ideas for blank 2?

Answer 31

um energy

Answer 32

specific heat can either be high or low, for water do you remember which one it is?

Answer 33

high

Answer 34

good

for third blank, forces between molecules are called "intermolecular" so intermolecular probably goes in the blank

Answer 35

any ideas for "cause water to form round droplets and cause water's high _______________."

Answer 36

either heat or temperature

Answer 37

"form round droplets" is a sign that the water molecules are "sticking" to each other, do you remember what we call this? starts with a c

Answer 38

covalent

Answer 39

close, should be cohesion (since we're talking about forces not bonds)

Answer 40

"Water is also an important _______________ because it can dissolve many different substances." any ideas? starts with an s

Answer 41

solution or solute

Answer 42

close, solute is the thing that gets dissolved, **solvent** is the thing doing the dissolving

so solvent