Question

Which statement is true?

Correlation or association proves causation.
Causation requires either correlation or association.
Causation can exist without correlation or association.
All correlations indicate causal links.
If there is correlation, then there is causation.

Answer 1

Causation is actually a very slippery philosophical concept, and there's a lot of reading you can do about it. But for this question, we can just use process of elimination.
The first option, that correlation or association proves causation seems a bit strong. We wouldn't expect one thing to cause another just because they are related in some way.
For this reason, I'd also rule out the fourth and fifth options, since they imply the same thing: correlation alone is enough to prove causation, which is not true.
Now between the second and third option, which do you think is more correct? Do you think that for one thing to cause another, they must be related in some way; or can one thing cause another without the two being related at all?

Answer 2

I think its b.

Answer 3

I think one thing causes another.

Answer 4

Yeah, I'd agree. It would be pretty difficult for one thing to cause another if we couldn't show them to be related in any way.
Nice work.