Question

Anatomy Tutorial: Systemic Arteries

Answer 1

\({\bf{Overview:}}\)
> considered to begin at aortic valve and end at right atrium
> contains majority (84%) of blood volume at any given moment
> branches: aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk. common carotid artery, subclavian artery (ABCS)

\({\bf{Aortic~Arch:}}\) delivers to head, neck, shoulders, upper limbs
> brachiocephalic --> right subclavian and right common carotid artery
> left common carotid
> left subclavian

\({\bf{Subclavian~Arteries:}}\) deliver to upper limbs, cheset, shoulders, back, brain, spinal cord
> thyrocervical trunk (supplies neck, shoulder, back, keyword being cervical = neck)
> internal thoracic artery (supplies chest and pericardium, keyword being thoracic = thoracic cavity)
> vertebral artery (supplies brain + spinal cord)

- subclavian artery ---> axillary artery ---> humeral circumflex arteries + brachial artery
- brachial artery ---> ulnar collateral arteries, ulnar recurrent arteries, radial and ulnar arteries
- radial and ulnar arteries --> superficial and deep palmar arch --> digital arteries

Answer 2

\({\bf{Carotid~Arteries:}}\)
> external carotid: supply neck, parynx, esophagus, larynx, lower jaw, face

> internal carotid: supply brain
- contains carotid sinus
- connects to optic nerves ---> opthalamic artery (supplies the eye) + anterior cerebral artery (supplies frontal + parietal lobes) + middle cerebral artery (supplies midbrain + lateral surfaces of brain)

\({\bf{Blood~Supply~to~Brain:}}\) two main sources, vertebral + internal carotid arteries
> vertebral arteries fuse to make basilar artery ---> posterior cerebral --> posterior communicating
> internal carotid arteries: supplies the anterior cerebrum
> these two sets of arteries make the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) around the pituitary gland; the two sets can often intermingle/change thus reducing the possibility of a total interruption in supply to the brain (which would result in a stroke)

Answer 3

\({\bf{Thoracic~Aorta:}}\) supplies thorax (except for heart), chest, diaphragm, and the region of spinal cord that lies w/in the thoracic region
> two main types: visceral and parietal
> visceral: supplies chest
- bronchial, pericardial, mediastinal, esophageal arteries
> parietal: supplies chest wall
- intercostal, superior phrenic

\({\bf{Abdominal~Aorta:}}\) supplies abdominopelvic structures
> splits into left and right common iliac arteries, supplies the lower limbs + pelvic structures
> branches to viseral organs are not paired. originate on anterior surface of abdominal aorta, connect to visceral organs
> other branches are unpaired, originate on lateral surface of abdominal aorta, cnonect to body wall, kidneys, extraperitoneal structures

> branches into celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric
- celiac: LESS GDP = supplies liver, esophagus, stomach, spleen, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas
celiac branches into:
1. left gastric: supplies stomach and inferior esophagus
2. splenic artery: supplies spleen and arteries to stomach, pancreas
3. common hepatic artery: supplies liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum

- superior mesenteric: supplies pancreas, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine
- inferior mesenteric: supplies terminal parts of colon, rectum

> five paired arteries: inferior phrenics, adrenals, renals, gonadals, lumbars
- inferior phrenics: supplies inferior surface of diaphragm + esophagus
- adrenals: supplies adrenal gland
- renal arteries: supply adrenal glands + kidneys
- gonadals: known as testicular/ovarian arteries
- lumbar arteries: supply vertebrae, spinal cord, abdominal wall

Answer 4

** should say > other branches are ***paired***, originate on lateral surface of abdominal aorta, cnonect to body wall, kidneys, extraperitoneal structures *** paired not unpaired, sorry

Answer 5

\({\bf{Arteries~to~Pelvis~and~Lower~Limbs:}}\)
- right and left common iliac arteries divide into internal and external
> internal iliac: supply pelvis, bladder, genitalia, and inner thigh
- major branches: superior gluteal, internal pudendal, obturator, lateral sacral; supply uterus+vagina if present
> external iliac: supply blood to lower limbs, tend to be larger than internal iliacs
---> femoral artery ---> deep femoral artery ---> medial+lateral circumflex arteries --> descending genicular artery --> popliteal artery --> posterior + anterior tibial arteries --> fibular artery --> dorsalis pedis artery AND lateral plantar artery --> dorsal arch + plantar arch

Answer 6

Adapted from Human Anatomy, Martini, et. al. 9th edition

This was a nightmare to put together so I don't want anyone giving me **** about it thanks