Question

1. Define and describe the features of mood disorders such as: Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, Cyclothymic, Bipolar I and Bipolar II. Which of these disorders do you believe to be the most severe? Explain your answer.

2. What are some of the warning signs of suicide? What preventative measures should we undertake when someone is suicidal? Here are six statements about suicide: Which ones do you believe are true and why?
--People who talk about suicide rarely follow through and actually attempt or commit suicide.
--People who are suicidal will remain suicidal their entire lives.

--Almost all suicides take place with little or no warning.

--Talking about suicide often precipitates a desire to follow through and do it.

--Giving away valued possession is a clue that a person may be considering suicide.

--Someone who is recovering from severe depression and suddenly develops a positive outlook on life rarely commits suicide.

3. Define the major characteristics of eating disorders such as: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, Rumination Disorder, Pica and Feeding Disorder. Which of these disorders do you believe to be most serious, explain our answer.

Need a source as well for each question ( can be the same source)

Answer 1

@Ferredoxin4

Answer 2

@Vocaloid

Answer 3

1.
Mood/affective disorders
1. MD (Major depressive disorder or major depression):
-Severe depression that is sudden, no external cause or too severe for external causes.
-Extreme sadness
-Not wanting to achieve any ambitions, losing goals, psychological symptoms of learned helplessness in an extreme form.
Psychological explanations:
-Psychodynamic - MD is due to the fact that the individual is unable to clearly express anger.
-Behavioral/Sociocognitive - MD is due to learned helplessness (Tolman)
-Biological - Less serotonin, and some epigenetic influence

2. Persistent Depressive Disorder/Dysthymia
-Simply a milder form of MD that lasts at least 2 years.

3. Prementrual Dysphoric Disorder -
-Depression to the mentrual cycle, occurs after menarch, before menopause
-Mood swings, anxiety, all symptoms of any mood disorder.

4. Cyclothymic
-Chronic pattern of relatively mild mood swings

5. Bipolar

Bipolar I -
-Extreme Manic episodes followed by calm and slightly depressive.
Bipolar II
-Hypomania (not as euphoric as Manic) followed by a week-2 weeks of major depression

Treatment: Lithium

Important note to differentiate between Bipolar and Cyclothemia is that Cyclothemia is chronic and milder, Bipolar is acute and much more intense.


I'd say the least severe would be Cyclothemia and Dysthemia of course, as they are milder conditions of their parent affective disorder. The most severe would be MD or Bipolar, and I'd say Bipolar because the individual may deal with the impacts/symptoms of Depression AND mania. Depression is severe when it takes a suicidal path.

Answer 4

2.
Warning Signs of suicide -
-Obvious expressions and statements of hurting/harming self
-Behavior similar to displaying learned helplessness, MD
-Pessimistic statements "I can't do this any more!!" "What's the point of everything?!"
-Extreme mood swings
-Cognitive Personalization, believing that he or she is the cause to all problems
-Drug overdose/abuse
-Lack of sleep
-Stress Eating
-Doing less hobbies, more bad habits

Preventative measures
-First things first: Call crisis line, call 1-800-273-8255, 9-11 in emergency/during self inflicted harm
-Simply having better social and moral support (more friends and family) is enough to change the individual's cognition
-Psychological therapy: CBT, (I wouldn't say REBT because suicide is a bit too extreme), Humanistic therapy, Insight therapy, DBT (Dialectical behavior therapy)

Statements:

F
F
T - Almost all suicides take place with little or no warning. explanation: This occurs due to peer pressure, all individuals keep it to themselves or say it sarcastically
T Not sure though- Talking about suicide often precipitates a desire to follow through and do it. explanation: I'm not sure what they mean. Unconsciously, it would make an individual more likely to consider suicide due to subliminal perceptions. For example, sarcastically saying "Oh I wanna Kill myself!!" could correlate to more chances of considering suicide. It's just how our unconscious mind works. That's why one shouldn't joke about these topics, as it does have a mental toll. Consciously, of course not
T - Giving away valued possession is a clue that a person may be considering suicide.
This is quite common.
Not sure about the last one.

Answer 5

3.
Eating disorders

1. Anorexia Nervosa
-only 40-60% recover, while the rest unfortunately die of cardiac complications and ventricular fibrillations
-Seen in young teens, mostly females. Very rarely do males get it.
-Cheerleaders, dancers, and ballerinas have it the most. Even gymnasts and several well-known athletes conceal this from the public.
-The individual eats in private, does not eat in public. Once he/she eats, the individual immediately purges it using inappropriate methods.
-Is diagnosed if the weight is 40% below normal BMI
-It is relatively simple to diagnose
-Regarding epidemiology, the highest cases are in the US. I think it was 40 million but you can check if you want.


2. Bulimia nervosa
-By far it's the most difficult to diagnose
-The weight is actually at the normal level
-Basically, these individuals have Binge Eating Disorder, and some have known to eat over 5000 calories a day! They eat both in public and private.
-Then, they purge it out using inappropriate methods
-Why is bulimia bad? It leads to esophageal and gastrointestinal complications. They also have dental problems.
-Common figures: Diana of Wales
-It's the most difficult to diagnose because the weight is at normal level and the individual eats in public but purges in private.

3. Rumination disorder
-Mostly in infants that are just learning to eat
-It's actually quite gross to think about it: the infant regurgitates food, then chews it again. Some are a little bit less 'gross' and just spit it out. Others just chew up the vomit.

4. Pica and feeding disorder
-Mostly in infants again
-Infants crave for eating unedible food or food that has no nutrition. Basically infants want to eat something that's not socially accepted as food.
-It's actually normal at a certain age, as infants are in their sensorimotor stage of development, as Piaget noted. They are more likely to explore the world with their strongest sense: taste. After development and transition to preoperational, it's considered abnormal.
-It's very common, and you've probably had it as well. Most infants chew things like paper, etc. This is why there are special chewy toys for infants.
-It became a problem, though, when infants started eating the acryllic paint off of walls. These paints are highly toxic and showed really adverse effects.


I’d say the worst is of course, AN. It has the highest mortality rate in any psychological disorder, and its complications are very lethal. Also, the numbers are only growing due to social pressures and

Answer 6

3.
Eating disorders

1. Anorexia Nervosa
-only 40-60% recover, while the rest unfortunately die of cardiac complications and ventricular fibrillations
-Seen in young teens, mostly females. Very rarely do males get it.
-Cheerleaders, dancers, and ballerinas have it the most. Even gymnasts and several well-known athletes conceal this from the public.
-The individual eats in private, does not eat in public. Once he/she eats, the individual immediately purges it using inappropriate methods.
-Is diagnosed if the weight is 40% below normal BMI
-It is relatively simple to diagnose
-Regarding epidemiology, the highest cases are in the US. I think it was 40 million but you can check if you want.


2. Bulimia nervosa
-By far it's the most difficult to diagnose
-The weight is actually at the normal level
-Basically, these individuals have Binge Eating Disorder, and some have known to eat over 5000 calories a day! They eat both in public and private.
-Then, they purge it out using inappropriate methods
-Why is bulimia bad? It leads to esophageal and gastrointestinal complications. They also have dental problems.
-Common figures: Diana of Wales
-It's the most difficult to diagnose because the weight is at normal level and the individual eats in public but purges in private.

3. Rumination disorder
-Mostly in infants that are just learning to eat
-It's actually quite gross to think about it: the infant regurgitates food, then chews it again. Some are a little bit less 'gross' and just spit it out. Others just chew up the vomit.

4. Pica and feeding disorder
-Mostly in infants again
-Infants crave for eating unedible food or food that has no nutrition. Basically infants want to eat something that's not socially accepted as food.
-It's actually normal at a certain age, as infants are in their sensorimotor stage of development, as Piaget noted. They are more likely to explore the world with their strongest sense: taste. After development and transition to preoperational, it's considered abnormal.
-It's very common, and you've probably had it as well. Most infants chew things like paper, etc. This is why there are special chewy toys for infants.
-It became a problem, though, when infants started eating the acryllic paint off of walls. These paints are highly toxic and showed really adverse effects.


I’d say the worst is of course, AN. It has the highest mortality rate in any psychological disorder, and its complications are very lethal. Also, the numbers are only growing due to social pressures and