Question

how do you do transcription and translation? simple step by step instructions would be the best. thanks

Answer 1

This is to make a resulting amino-acid code. In simple terms: transcription comes first. So RNA polymerase "opens up the DNA and copies it into a resulting RNA sequence. This is called mRNA, which is single stranded.

Answer 2

Next up is translation, where the mRNA is transferred to the cytoplasm (from the nucleus) where it goes to a ribosome.

Answer 3

What you need to know is that there are 4 letters of DNA, A,T, G,C
where A is the opposite of T. G is the opposite of C.
By opposite I mean that if one side of the DNA double helix has a letter A, then the letter opposite from it would have a letter T

Answer 4

RNA works just the same way except instead of A going to T is goes to U.
But if there is a T for DNA than the resulting RNA letter would be A.

You can look up the full form of the letters if you want

Answer 5

Another thing you need to know is what a codon is. Remember those letters I was talking about? Well a codon is read in pairs of 3. Like 3 letters at a time. So the mRNA has its many letters and they go to a ribosome where they are written in groups of three. Those groups of three specify a specific amino acid. For example, AUG = methionine

Answer 6

As said in the previous example, if the codon is AUG, than a transfer RNA will bring an anticodon (which is the exact opposite base pairs of the codon but is attached to the amino acid that the codon codes for).

Answer 7

Those amino acids make proteins.

Answer 8

Any questions?