The "Rainy Rain Forest" and "The Yellowstone National Park" both discussed the need for water in a growing environment. Use your research notes and the information from these articles to explain the importance of water in different environments. Use evidence from both texts, along with the research you conducted to support your ideas. 5 paragraphs pls help
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The Hoh Rain Forest The Hoh Rain Forest is part of Olympic National Park. Located in the temperate zone, one of the four major climate zones, it is one of the largest temperate rainforests in the United States. Temperate forests have moist conditions that generally support mosses, ferns, and a variety of broadleaf and mixed trees. Olympic National Park is in northwestern Washington State, which is known for being one of the wettest places in America. Since the Hoh Rain Forest is part of a national park, it is protected from commercial and residential development. The rain forest runs along the Hoh River, which originates at the Hoh Glacier, flows through the mountains and forests of the park, and eventually empties into the Pacific Ocean. In 1976, Olympic National Park was awarded the distinction of World Heritage Site, which has helped to ensure the preservation of its unique biological ecosystems, including the Hoh Rain Forest. These systems are vital for the animals and plant life to survive. For instance, elk and deer rely on the lettuce lichen that grows in the cool, moist conditions of the rainforest’s canopy. Climate When rainstorms come in from the Pacific Ocean, the Olympic Mountains are the first to get wet. The air of incoming storms rises along the mountain slopes and then cools, which produces precipitation—a lot of precipitation! The Hoh Rain Forest, on the other hand, does not experience such dramatic variation in temperatures. Its moderate climate is protected by the coastal mountain ranges. The unique climate of the park relies on the Olympic Mountains. The park experiences an immense amount of rainfall each year, the majority of which falls between April and September. On average, the Hoh Rain Forest receives 140–167 inches of rain per year. That is almost 13 feet of rain! The consistent rain keeps the forest lush, green, and slippery all year. Due to extreme variations in elevation, the weather can vary unpredictably between different areas of Olympic National Park. Different weather conditions often exist at the same time within the park. The temperatures of areas that are close to one another can vary by 10–20 degrees, depending on their elevation. The thick canopy of the rain forest moderates the temperature year-round and provides the perfect habitat for wildlife and vegetation. Animals There are three ecosystems within Olympic National Park that are home to a variety of animals. Perhaps the most interesting animal of all is the banana slug. Banana slugs are the secondlargest species of land slug in the world. They can grow up to 10 inches long and weigh a quarter of a pound. You will also find tree frogs, owls, bobcats, cougars, raccoons, black bears, and deer, who rely on the rich rainfall forest to provide food and the environment for their survival needs. In fact, Hoh Rain Forest is home to the largest wild population of Roosevelt elk in the United States. Some animals in the park, such as the spotted owl, the bull trout, and the gray wolf are protected under the Name: Date: Lesson 08.01: Quote: The Rainy Rain Forest Reading: The Rainy Rain Forest Text Endangered Species Act. Some species are heavily reliant on the old-growth forest of the rain forest. Without this environment, they would struggle to survive. Already, the spotted owls are vulnerable to starvation and decline due to the loss of suitable habitats. Others rely on both land and the ocean, such as the marbled murrelet, which nests in old-growth trees at night but feeds in the ocean during the day. Plants Olympic National Park is known for its diverse old-growth forest. The most common types of trees in the park’s rainforest are the Sitka spruce and the western hemlock, which thrive in mild climates with high annual rainfall and cool, wet summers. These trees can grow to be more than 300 feet tall and seven feet in diameter. Most of the trees in the rain forest are covered in clumps of hanging moss and ferns. Moss is a plant that grows on another plant without harming it. Moss gets its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, fog, and debris that accumulates around it. The trees and plant life in the old-growth forest thrive on the large amounts of rain the forest receives. Without this rainfall, these trees and plant life would struggle and evidentially die. For instance, the Sitka spruce needs a minimum of 1,000 mm of yearly rainfall and can’t tolerate a dry climate. Century-old cedars, spruce, and fir trees can also be found here. In the Hoh Rain Forest, old growth creates new life. New plants and trees sprout from old, dead logs called “nurse logs” and other organic matter in the undergrowth of the forest. When large trees fall and start to decay, they provide an important habitat for mosses, tree seedlings, fungi, amphibians, and insects. Moss lives in the tree branches without ever touching the ground. The result is a wonderful biodiversity featuring many different, interconnected forms of life. The Hoh Rain Forest is a unique ecosystem within Olympic National Park. As a national park, its unique ecosystem is protected. The result is biodiversity that is able to thrive with minimal human intervention. The climate, which includes immense amounts of rainfall, results in one of the world’s lushest rainforests and a true wonder of Washington State. Glossary • Temperate-having a moderate climate which especially lacks extremes in temperature • Rain Forest-a tropical woodland with an annual rainfall of at least 100 inches and marked by lofty, broadleaf evergreen trees forming a continuous canopy • Biodiversity-an environment with numbers of different species of plants and animals Ecosystem-a complex community of organisms and its environment as an ecological unit • Amphibians-a cold-blooded vertebrate of a class that is comprised of frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders Habitat-the natural home or environment of an animal,
thats the first one the rainy rain forest
and the next story Yellowstone National Park is located in the states of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Yellowstone was the first national park in the United States and is considered to be one of the first national parks in the world. The park contains several hydrothermal wonders, which are natural vents on the earth’s surface that emit heat. Some examples of these vents include hot springs. Water is a large part of the national park since there are more than 600 lakes and ponds, which cover around 107,000 acres of Yellowstone. Spanning around the park, there are over one thousand rivers and stream that make up 2,500 miles of running water and provide the necessary habitat for animals and plant life. Climate The climate of Yellowstone is largely influenced by its elevation. Precipitation levels change frequently and can range from little rain to downpours, depending on location. The climate of the park has been gradually becoming warmer over the last 50 years. This has led to the melting of the blanket of snow that covers the mountains, which, in turn, affects water levels, vegetation growth, and the habits of wildlife. Many species depend on deep snow to breed, raise their young, and hunt successfully. The snow provides protection and camouflage for prey and also cover for predators. Animal Survival Yellowstone has the largest public herd of American bison in the United States. It wasn’t always this way, however. While bison once roamed wild through most of North America in great numbers, an intense hunting campaign in the 1880s led to a dramatic decrease in population. By the late 1880s, only about two dozen bison were left in Yellowstone Park. In 1902, the park’s management set about trying to help the bison population bounce back. By 1954, the herd had grown to over 1,000 animals. Park staff have worked hard in order to successfully bring these bison back from the brink of extinction. The bison that now live in the park feed primarily on grasses and plants in the open grasslands and meadows. They typically forage for 9 to 11 hours daily, and as a result, overgrazing is a continuous concern. Consequently, access to water is also very important to the bison herd that roam the park, since a herd of bison needs around 500 gallons of water each day. Wildlife – What to Do Since there are almost 400 species of different animals in Yellowstone, visitors may encounter a wild animal in Yellowstone Park. If you visit the parks, don’t let curiosity kill the cat. Rule number one is to never approach the wildlife in the park. If you happen to encounter an animal on your adventures, there are a few important things to remember. These animals consider the park their home and may have babies nearby. You may seem like an intruder, and that is just the tip of the iceberg. Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________________________________ Lesson 08.01: Quote: The Rainy Rain Forest Reading: Yellowstone National Park Text Bison have injured more people in Yellowstone than any other animal. They are unpredictable and can run three times faster than humans. Other common animals in the park include bears. If you encounter a bear, remain calm and try to appear non-threatening. First, do not make direct eye contact with the bear. Next, speak to it in a calm voice so that it knows you are human. Then, leave the grounds calmly and slowly, never turning your back to the bear. Finally, if you have bear spray, remove the safety lock and keep it on hand in case of an emergency. Ultimately, the safest way to view wildlife is from the inside of a vehicle. Water and Geysers Water plays an incredible role in the ecosystems found in Yellowstone National Park and the surrounding areas. The water that flows through the park is a vital national resource. Precipitation in the mountains flows through networks of streams and rivers to provide important moisture and habitats for plants and wildlife. The park is home to the largest concentration of mammals in the lower 48 states, including more than 150 species of birds and six species of reptiles, all of whom rely on the fresh water. Water drives the complex geothermal activity that occurs within the park. It fuels the largest collection of geysers on earth. Precipitation and groundwater seep down into geothermal systems, which is heated by the Yellowstone Volcano. This precipitation is heated and then rises to the surface in the form of hot springs and geysers. The most famous geyser in the park, Old Faithful, was the first to receive a name. Old Faithful More than one million eruptions have occurred at Old Faithful. On average, Old Faithful erupts once every half hour to two hours, and each eruption lasts 1.5–5 minutes in length. Some say that Old Faithful is slowing down after more than 100 years of eruptions. Eruptions occur by heated water rising toward the surface and being superheated due to the narrowness of the channels through which it travels. Ultimately, the temperatures force steam bubbles and boiling water to the top of the channel and cause it to burst through. The eruption stops when the water basin is empty or when the entire system ejects enough water to cool down. Remember, getting too close to any of the hydrothermal features, such as Old Faithful or hot springs, can cause severe or even fatal burns. Scalding water lies under most of the thick, breakable ground surrounding these formations, so it is best to keep a safe distance. Glossary: • Hydrothermal—relating to or denoting the action of heated water in the earth’s crust • Extinction— (of a species, family, or other larger group) having no living members • Forage— (of a person or animal) search widely for food or provisions • Scalding—very hot; burning • Ecosystem—a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical
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