Question

1 Let the boy toughened by military service
2 learn how to make bitterest hardship his friend,
3 and as a horseman, with fearful lance,
4 go to vex the insolent Parthians,
“
5 spending his life in the open, in the heart
6 of dangerous action. And seeing him, from
7 the enemy’s walls, let the warring
8 tyrant’s wife, and her grown-up daughter, sigh:

9 ‘Ah, don’t let the inexperienced lover
10 provoke the lion that’s dangerous to touch,
11 whom a desire for blood sends raging
12 so swiftly through the core of destruction.’

13 It’s sweet and fitting to die for one’s country.
14 Yet death chases after the soldier who runs,
15 and it won’t spare the cowardly back
16 or the limbs, of peace-loving young men.

17 Virtue, that’s ignorant of sordid defeat,
18 shines out with its honour unstained, and never
19 takes up the axes or puts them down
20 at the request of a changeable mob.

21 Virtue, that opens the heavens for those who
22 did not deserve to die, takes a road denied
23 to others, and scorns the vulgar crowd
24 and the bloodied earth, on ascending wings.

25 And there’s a true reward for loyal silence:
26 I forbid the man who divulged those secret
27 rites of Ceres, to exist beneath
28 the same roof as I, or untie with me

29 the fragile boat: often careless Jupiter
30 included the innocent with the guilty,
31 but lame-footed Punishment rarely
32 forgets the wicked man, despite his start.

While Horace does not rely on similes to the extent that Owen does, he does employ metaphors, both simple and extended. List two examples: